Contents • • • • • • History [ ] Traditional methods [ ] Construction contractors usually prepare bids or tenders to compete for a contract award for a project. To prepare the bid, first a is prepared to determine the costs and then establish the price(s). This involves reviewing the project's plans and specifications to produce a take off or, which is a listing of all the materials and items of work required for a construction project by the construction documents. Together with prices for these components, the measured quantities are the basis for calculation of the direct cost. Indirect costs and profit are added to arrive at a total amount. Spreadsheets [ ]. A basic estimating spreadsheet.
Cost estimators used columnar sheets of paper to organize the take off and the estimate itself into rows of items and columns containing the description, quantity and the pricing components. Some of these were similar to accounting ledger paper. They became known as green sheets or spreadsheets. With the advent of computers in business, estimators began using applications like,, and to duplicate the traditional tabular format, while automating redundant mathematical formulas. Many construction cost estimators continue to rely primarily upon manual methods, hard copy documents, and/or electronic spreadsheets such as. While spreadsheets are relatively easy to master and provide a means to create and report a construction cost estimate and or cost models, their benefit comes largely from their ability to partially relieve estimators of mundane calculations. Accuracy, however, is not necessarily improved and productivity is not maximized.
Download Blur Parklife Album Megaman Nt Warrior Download Legendado. here. For example, data entry remains tedious and prone to error, formula errors are common, and collaboration and information sharing are limited. Commercial estimating software [ ]. Estimating Software Block Diagram As cost estimators came to rely heavily on spreadsheets, and the formulas within the spreadsheets became more complex, spreadsheet errors became more frequent. These were typically formula errors and cell-reference errors which would often lead to cost overruns. As a result, commercial cost estimating software applications were originally created to overcome these errors by using hard-coded formulas and data structures.
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Other benefits include the use of reference for costs and other data, predictable and professional looking reports, speed, accuracy, and overall process standardization. As cost estimating programs became more and more popular over the years, more advanced features, such as saving data for reuse and trade-specific calculations, have become available. For example, programs that are designed for construction, include libraries and program features for traditional builders. In sharp contrast, programs that are designed for, include libraries and program features for roadway, utility, and bridge builders. Bitter Enchantment Yvonne Whittal Pdf Download.
Sophisticated, cost estimating and Efficient Project Delivery Software systems are also available to integrate various construction delivery methods such as Integrated Project Delivery, Job Order Contracting, and others (IDIQ, JOC, SABER.) simultaneously and securely. These systems enable cost estimators and project managers to collaboratively work with multiple projects, multiple estimates, and multiple contracts. A 'short list' of additional capabilities includes the ability to work with multiple cost books/guides/UPBs, track project status, automatically compare estimates, easily copy/paste, clone, and reuse estimates, and integrated sophisticated visual estimating and quantity take-off (QTO) tools. Owners, contractors, architects and engineers are moving to advanced cost estimating and management systems, and many oversight groups such are beginning to also require their use. The level of collaboration, transparency, and information re-use enabled by Cost Estimating and Efficient Project Delivery Software drives 15-25%+ reductions in procurement cycles, six to ten times faster estimating, reduce overall project times, as a significant reduction in change orders and the virtual elimination of contract related legal disputes. The SharpeSoft Estimator, displaying an example of a trench calculation.
• Calculations: Most estimating programs have built-in calculations ranging from simple length, area, and volume calculations to complex industry-specific calculations, such as calculations, calculations, and earthwork calculations. • Markups: Every program will allow for cost mark-ups ranging from flat overall mark-ups to resource-specific mark-ups, mark-ups for, and costs. • Detailed Overhead:, such as permits, fees, and any other overall project costs can be spread to billable project items.
